Arthrosis - What are these causes, symptoms, symptoms, degree and joint treatment

Arthrosis of the joints is a complex dyspropic disease associated with the destruction of cartilage tissues inside the joints.This pathological process is the most common joint disease in the world.Arthrosis is illustrated by pain, morning stiffness and mobility.The gradual progress of the symptoms is typical, but the rate of disease development may vary.

The diagnosis is based on history, clinical trial and radiographic results.Treatment of arthrosis is usually conservative: exercise therapy, anti -inflammatory drugs, physiotence, blockade, etc.

In more detail, we examine what this disease is and how to treat it, further examine it in the article.

What is arthrosis?

Arthrosis is degenerative changes in the structure of the joints, accompanied by pain and visible deformation.The second name of the disease used in international classification - osteoarthrosis.

The disease is characterized by slow progression, although it can be accelerated with some external factors.It depends on the method of body, human disease and its vital activity.

According to statistics, arthrosis is a patient with 6.5-12% of the world population.People over 65 years of age suffer (62-85% of cases).The pathology tends to "rejuvenate": patients have approx.30-35% are 45-65 and 2-3% of the age of 20-45.

People who are less familiar with medicine think that arthritis and arthrosis are the same.In fact, this is not the case because in the first case the disease is acute inflammatory, and in the second - a long, less pronounced chronic.

Type

The formulation of the diagnosis of arthrosis may be different, although the essence of the disease is the same.Most often, patients' questions and misunderstanding are related to the expressions of arthrosis:

• Arthrosoarthritis is a classic arthrosis in which the inflammatory process is pronounced;
• Osteoarthrosis is absolutely identical to arthrosis;
• Deformation (osteoarthrosis) - a late stage of the disease, which is shown in the joint deformation and closure;
• Coksartrosis - an abbreviated expression denoting the lesion of the hip joint;
• Gonartrosis is a shortened expression that means "arthrosis of the knee joint";
• Spondylarthrosis is a lesion of arthrosis of the small arc of the spine.

There are many types of this disease.Classification may occur depending on the localization of the affected areas and depending on the causes of the disease.

Types of arthrosis depending on localization:

• Knee
• Hip joints
• Cervical
• Brachial
• Hands and fingers
• Spine
• Ankle
• Primary polyosteoarthrosis

Depending on the number of joints affected, the following varieties are distinguished:

• Monoarthrosis.
• Oligoarthrosis - affects up to 2 joints.
• Polyarthrosis - participated in 3 joint groups.

The degree of damage to the joint

Articular	Symptoms
1 grade	The first stage of arthrosis - no pronounced morphological changes, only the composition of synovial fluid is disturbed.Liquid, which is worse with cartilage tissue, nutrients, is reduced by traditional loads.Due to the overload of arthritis, inflammation occurs and pain occurs.
2 degrees	The joint is destroyed.Osteofites are formed.Pain and pain during movement become stronger, and we hear crunching in the affected areas.
3 degrees	This is the most severe stage in the development of the disease.A abnormal change occurs in sore joints.Inflammation occurs.The patient feels stiffness when the muscles cannot completely contract and perform their functions.

Reasons

The development of arthrosis is facilitated by two reasons - the lack of load and total nutrition that provides vitamins and minerals for tissue recovery.The joints of each person carry loads.Athletes and dancers, with physical work, have a greater load on their feet, which means that the bone joints are worn faster and require high quality nutrition.With a relaxed lifestyle, the supporting device is more slowly wearing, but also requires intermittent renewal of tissues.

Primary joint joint

This type is most often associated with congenital inferiority and cartilage tendency and tendency to destroy as a result of metabolism disorders.The most common causes that cause this disease:

• hereditary and genetic;
• Age of change;
• Frequent and at first glance minor injuries (such as athletes).

Secondary joint joint

The secondary type most often deforms arthrosis and progresses with the background of the stability of the cartilage to the usual load.It promotes the development of this pathology:

• injuries;
• obesity;
• weakness of tapes and muscles;
• arthritis.

With age, the predisposition to the disease increases.After 70 years, arthrosis is diagnosed with every second retiree.Since the maximum load falls on the leg (one person moves - walks, racks, runs, jumps), here is the first signs.

The joint signs and symptoms

Arthrosis belongs to the category of chronic diseases.Occasionally, the disease can leak unnoticed for years, only occasionally reminiscent of joint or embarrassing joint pain.But the disease occurs quickly into a severe stage in a few months.

In any case, it is important to note that if you do not treat the disease, your symptoms will increase over time, exacerbate quality of life and, in severe cases, to disability and immobilization.

Symptoms with arthrosis of the joints:

• Pain.Painful feelings are pronounced with joint feelings, especially after various loads.When a person gets in peace, after a while, the uncomfortable feelings disappear.The localization of pain occurs directly at the location where the usual structure of the body has occurred.In some cases, joint pain can occur when a person relaxes, completely relaxed.They appear very sharply and strongly, which can be compared to toothache.Most often it happens in the morning.
• The second sign of arthrosis is a crisis, but this symptom should not be confused by clicking the joints, which is found in almost all people and does not cause discomfort.Crunching in the disease is characterized by a rough and dry sound, causing pain and severe discomfort.With the onset of the disease, the symptom becomes increasingly distinct and painful.
• Reducing joint mobility.It is also considered a typical symptom of arthrosis, but it is already a stage of active progression of the disease.During the development of arthrosis, bone tumors increase/germination occurs, which leads to muscle tissue cramps, reducing the lumenet in the joint bag - guaranteed the restriction of movement in this area.
• Joint deformation.Its modification is determined by the fact that the osteophytes grow on the surface of the bones and the synovial fluid arrives.While deformation is one of the latest symptoms when arthrosis has a major collision with the joint.
• Changes in muscle tone.Initially, with particularly severe pain, the periarticular muscles are reflected reflectively.In the future, since motor activity will be lost, muscle atrophy.
• Skin manifestations.Optional sign.In the initial stages, the redness of the skin in the projection of the joint is possible.In the future, when the muscles of arthrosis and atrophy progress, the skin becomes pale, dries, pigmented.

The joints that arthrosis are more often affected:	Suffered less frequently:
Knee Hip Brachial The spine's face joints (spondylarthosis)	Ankle Small joints of the hand Positioner Wrist

Complication

If arthrosis does not provide proper attention in time and inadequate treatment, it can not only lead to complete destruction of the patient's joint, but also to change the biomechanics of the spine, which begins in the intervention of the vertebrae and the development of arthrosis in others, still healthy.

The risk of early treatment of any type of arthrosis lies in related complications, harmful consequences:

• The inflamed joints are deformed and gradually destroyed;
• Movements are limited, joint mobility is partially or completely limited;
• Spine disturbance;
• Interdiskount Hernias are formed;
• Neuralgia develops;
• The standard of living in the patient with arthrosis is reduced;
• The person becomes disabled.

Diagnosis

Above all, they try to see structural changes in the affected areas to evaluate their severity and prevalence.Metabolic disorders in the body, which have become a favorable background for the occurrence of arthrosis, should also be determined.Therefore, the survey kit consists of the following events:

• Radiography.
• Magnetic resonance tomography.
• Ultrasound examination.
• Arthroscopy.
• Biochemical blood tests (hormonal spectrum, markers of inflammation, calcium metabolism, rheumens).

Considering radiological features, experts in the field of orthopedics and traumatology distinguish between the following stages of arthrosis (classification of Kellgren-Lawrence):

• Section 1 (dubious arthrosis) - suspected joint gap, osteophytes are missing or available in small quantities.
• Section 2 (soft) - Suspected joint gap, osteophytes are clearly defined.
• Section 3 (moderate) - Pure narrowing of the joint gap, clearly expressed osteophytes, bone deformation.
• Section 4 (severe arthrosis) - the joint gap, large osteophytes, deformation of pronounced bones and osteosclerosis.

Please note that the course of the disease is very slow and there is no symptom in the first stage, and inconsistent joint pain and increased fatigue, even for healthy people with great physical efforts.Therefore, independent diagnosis of arthrosis is almost impossible.

How to treat joint joint joints

Principles of treatment of arthrosis:

• Remove excessive loads of joints;
• Therapy with anti -inflammatory and analgesic tablets.In complex therapy, chondroprotectors are actively used in arthrosis;
• physiotherapy physical education;
• sanatorium treatment;
• Magnetotherapy, electrotherapy, laser therapy, shock wave therapy;
• intraarticular oxygen gene therapy;
• Intraosseus blockade;
• It is important to choose the right food for joint treatment.

Drug methods

How to treat joint medicines?This issue is most common among patients.Treatment is carried out using three groups of drugs:

1. Chondroprotectors.The drugs of this group restore the Hyaline cartilage as they contain the ingredients that are part.All patients are recommended in the form of long-term paper (3-4 months courses twice a year).Use tablets and capsules.
2. Hormonal corticosteroids.This group of drugs is most effective during the worsening of arthrosis.Most often intramuscular injections are performed.But in pharmacies, a similar category of drugs is also depicted in the form of ointments - only used from the outside and can expect a fairly fast and powerful effect.
3. The use of non -steroid anti -inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and eliminate the inflammatory process.
4. Injections.Injection drugs quickly stop pain and reduce active symptoms.Intramuscular, intravenous or intra -articular administration of the drug is only performed by a medical worker.These funds are unable to save the patient from the causes of the disease, but effectively reduce his negative manifestations.

Medicines are used from other drugs to treat arthrosis:

• improvement of blood in the joints;
• Improving the supply of oxygen joint tissues - vitamins "B";
• It affects metabolism of cartilage;
• desensitizers that reduce body reactivity;
• Synthetic hormones of adrenal glands.

Surgery

Surgical methods are two ways to solve the problem:

1. Arthroscopy is an operation on a sore joint.Punching introduces a special needle to remove damaged areas and polish the affected area.
2. Prosthetics is a complex operation consisting of removal of damaged joints and a new embedded.Modern orthopedics have moved far forward and have emitted new, improved prostheses, which are extremely rarely rejected by the body and their behavior does not cause discomfort.

Practical therapy for joint treatment

Medical physical education is used in the subacute stage for arthrosis.The main task of exercise therapy is:

• orthopedic correction (eliminating errors in the limbs affected);
• decrease in static loads of joints;
• It improves joint mobility or preventing it.

Digoen is performing gymnastics and exercises for expandable muscles and joints.The exercised joints are performed in a lying position, on the side or on the back.They alternate with breathing exercises that promote muscles relaxation.The patient performs the movement of the affected joint on its own or with the help of an instructor.

During classes, the appearance of pain should not be allowed.The exercises are done at a slow rate and only after eliminating acute symptoms.Sudden and high amplitude movements should be avoided, which may cause discomfort.

Physical education should be attended by a physician and start home exercises after obtaining the necessary skills.

Physiotherapy and manual therapy

The use of these treatment methods gives very good results in the initial stages of arthrosis.

1. Manual treatment is carried out by only an experienced doctor who has proven himself in the treatment of joint pathologies.For example, in the treatment of arthrosis of the knee joint, manual therapy and extractication of the limb, intraarticular injections, and taking chondroprotectors can quickly place the patient on the foot.
2. Physiotherapy is used as a complementary treatment to accelerate the rehabilitation period.Its main purpose is to reduce inflammation and accelerate tissue regeneration.Procedures such as laser and cryotherapy, thermal treatment- ozokerite, mud bath, paraffin therapy and UOFs are widely used.

Food and diet

The joint diet of the joints is aimed at repairing metabolism, body weight, preventing irreversible changes in jointin cartilage, decreasing the inflammatory process and strengthening connective tissue joints.There is no separate diet with the arthrosis of the joints.The following principles are based on therapeutic nutrition:

1. Foods should be physically complete and balanced with high vitamins and minerals.The energy value of patients with normal weight should meet the average daily energy consumption and should not exceed it.
2. The use of salt is 5-8 g/day and salted products (salting, canned, chips, salted fish) are limited.
3. The use of free fluid should be increased to 2-2.5 l daily.
4. Product processing must be excluded by baking.Foods should be baked, steamed, cooked or roasted.
5. You need to change frequent, fractionated nutrition.
6. Foods should be taken in small portions that exclude overdose and weight gain.

In the case of arthrosis, the use of a hard extreme diet is prohibited.Because of this type of diet, the body evaches a large amount of fluid, which in turn washing calcium and potassium from the bones and joints.

Useful products:

• Fish and seafood, nuts, canvas oil like Omega - 3.
• Low greasy meat and jelly.
• Groups E, D, C, A, A and B are products rich in vitamin B.These are fresh fruits, vegetables and berries.Particularly useful to use: beets, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage, blueberries, legumes, bananas, orange, apples and whole grain bread.
• Ginger and other spices.
• Milk and dairy products are an excellent source of calcium.
• Useful freshly pressed fruit juices.

Forbidden Products:

• Fast food, sausage products, semi -made products, chips and all refined products.
• Greasy meat.
• Soba, white bread, sugar.
• Fat dairy products, salty cheeses.
• Mayonnaise, transgenic fats.
• White rice, half pattern.
• Marinates, preservation, salting.
• Alcohol, energy, soda.

Folk treatment methods

Before using any folk cure for joint treatment, be careful to consult your doctor.

1. Mash The nettle and juniper berries are mixed with a homogeneous mass.Connect with 1: 3 butter to relieve the pain, rub the sore joints three times a day.
2. The roots, flowers or branches of elderberry black.Pour 1 tablespoon.Spoon raw materials with 1 glass of boiling water.Stick, wrapped, 3 hours and stretch.Drink 1/4 cup four times a day, 30 minutes before meals.
3. Boil 10 g of bay leaf in 250 ml of water for five minutes.Leave five hours.Drink from time to time in small sips.We treat three days, rest for five, and then treat us for three days.
4. Mustard compression with honey.Mix the mustard powder with honey and add an egg.Place the resulting ointment on the gauze and apply it to the sore spot.
5. Complex compression.Cut the cabbage slightly cut into pieces and pass through the cheer.Moisten the natural wool tissue in the juice and secure it to the sore spot.
6. The series is another great cure for joint treatment.Boil 2 large tablespoons in the boiling water of 250 ml of boiling water.After 20 minutes, the brew is ready.Take 2 spoons three times a day before meals.The course is 30 days.
7. Chamomile, calendula and Burdock ointment cope well with pain and relieve inflammation.For preparation, you should mix equal amounts of chamomile flowers, marigolds, burdock roots, connect herbs with petroleum jelly and leave for 1-2 days.Use ointment for severe pain five times a day.
8. Put the equal parts of the willow bark, birch and marigold in hot water.Boil the mixture for 10 minutes, then let it cook under the lid.Half an hour before the meal, you should make a 200 ml cooking device.

Prevention

The following moments play an important role in reducing the risk of arthrosis:

• Get rid of extra pounds;
• Treatment of muscle pathologies;
• active movement throughout life;
• proper nutrition (diet, balanced diet);
• Avoiding joint hypothermia;
• A healthy lifestyle with the right system.